Colonoscopy: To scope or not to scope?

Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in severe dengue: To scope or not to scope?

Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (UGIH) in severe dengue represents a clinical dilemma in term of management. The recommended treatment in dengue with UGIH involves blood product transfusion support and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) infusion. Despite being the mainstay of treatment in non-dengue UGIH, the role of endoscopic haemostatic intervention in severe dengue remains controversial. In the...

Wide or Narrow Scope?

This paper is a response to ‘Why Be Rational?’ by Niko Kolodny. Kolodny argues that we have no reason to satisfy the requirements of rationality. His argument assumes that these requirements have a logically narrow scope. To see what the question of scope turns on, this comment provides a semantics for ‘requirement’. It shows that requirements of rationality have a wide scope, at least under on...

Emergence is coupled to scope , not level Alex Ryan

Since its application to systems, emergence has been explained in terms of levels of observation. This approach has led to confusion, contradiction, incoherence and at times mysticism. When the idea of level is replaced by a framework of scope, resolution and state, this confusion is dissolved. We find that emergent properties are determined by the relationship between the scope of macrostate a...

To flavor or not to flavor the colonoscopy preparation solution?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health problem and has become the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy affecting the global population. In recent years, CRC in Taiwan has become the most prevalent type of cancer, and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in the country. It is estimated that approximately 70e80% of CRC cases originate from adenomas, which play a role in the earl...

Folic Acid Supplementation: to Advise or not to Advise?